Gem Inclusions & the Symmetry of Crystals • Inside Out • Lotus Gemology

by Richard W. Hughes

A discussion of how inclusion patterns mimic crystallographic symmetry in ruby and sapphire.

Cobalt-Doped Glass-Filled Sapphires • An Update • Lotus Gemology

by Thanong Leelawatanasuk, Wilawan Atichat, Visut Pisutha-Arnond, Pornsawat Wattanakul, Papawarin Ounorn, Wimon Manorotkul & Richard W. Hughes

The history of glass-infilling in blue sapphire, along with a description of the latest treatment generation developed in Chanthaburi, Thailand.

Rutile in Corundum • Following the Silk Road • Lotus Gemology

by John I. Koivula & Richard W. Hughes

Following the Silk Road | Rutile in Corundum

A discussion of rutile silk in corundum and its use in detecting artificial heat treatment. Careful examination of these "silk" inclusions can provide vital clues to unmask heated gems.

Ruby and Spinel in Tajikistan • Moon Over the Pamirs • Lotus Gemology

by Richard W. Hughes & Vincent Pardieu, with Guillaume Soubiraa & Dana Schorr

Moon Over the Pamirs | Chasing Ruby and Spinel in Tajikistan

A 2006 mission to remote ruby and spinel localities in Tajikistan.

Identifying Yellow Sapphire • Blue Filter • Proletarian Gemology

by Richard W. Hughes

Introducing the blue filter as a gemological tool to separate natural and Verneuil synthetic yellow sapphires.

Burma's Jade Mines • An Annotated Occidental History

by Richard W. Hughes

The history of Burma's jade mines, as seen through Western eyes, from the earliest accounts through World War II.

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