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This partially healed fissure in a fingerprint pattern consisting of interconnected tubes is a rare occurrence in natural spinel, and confirms that this Sri Lankan cobalt-blue spinel is natural. The form taken by the tubes reveals the isometric symmetry of the underlying spinel. In long-wave UV, this stone displayed a strong green glow, something that is also found in cobalt spinels from Vietnam.

Natural Spinel • Sri Lanka (Ceylon) • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Dark Field
Photographer: Richard W. Hughes • Image Number: A-003-4768-1 • Date Posted: 02 October 2019

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Hughes, E.B., Koivula, J.I., Manorotkul, W., Renfro, N. and Hughes, R.W. (2019) Spinel inclusions: An exercise in aesthetics. InColor, No. 43, pp. 48–55; RWHL*.

The strain pattern around this crystal in a spinel is evidence when observed between crossed polars.

Natural Spinel • Myanmar (Burma); Mogok/Namya • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes • Image Number: A-003-4649-1 • Field of View = 4 mm • Date Posted: 13 September 2019

Hughes, E.B., Koivula, J.I., Manorotkul, W., Renfro, N. and Hughes, R.W. (2019) Spinel inclusions: An exercise in aesthetics. InColor, No. 43, pp. 48–55.

$This spinel contained a number of octahedron-shaped crystals filled with a transparent doubly refractive material, as well as hexagonal black plates of what is probably graphite. The doubly refractive nature of the filling becomes clear when the gem is viewed between crossed polars, as the inclusion lights up with interference colors against a black background. The ability of spinel to force its morphology on guest minerals has been dubbed “philoxenism” by John Koivula.$

This spinel contained a number of octahedron-shaped crystals filled with a transparent doubly refractive material, as well as hexagonal black plates of what is probably graphite. The doubly refractive nature of the filling becomes clear when the gem is viewed between crossed polars, as the inclusion lights up with interference colors against a black background. The ability of spinel to force its morphology on guest minerals has been dubbed “philoxenism” by John Koivula.

Natural Spinel • Not Determinable • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Diffuse Light Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer: Richard W. Hughes • Image Number: A-003-4131-2 • Date Posted: 22 July 2019

Hughes, E.B., Koivula, J.I., Manorotkul, W., Renfro, N. and Hughes, R.W. (2019) Spinel inclusions: An exercise in aesthetics. InColor, No. 43, pp. 48–55.

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Natural Spinel • Not Determinable • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer: Richard W. Hughes • Image Number: A-003-4131-1 • Date Posted: 22 July 2019

Hughes, E.B., Koivula, J.I., Manorotkul, W., Renfro, N. and Hughes, R.W. (2019) Spinel inclusions: An exercise in aesthetics. InColor, No. 43, pp. 48–55.

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

This crystal inside a spinel has displays striking parallel growth markings on its surface.

Natural Spinel • Myanmar (Burma); Mogok/Namya • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Diffuse Fiber Optic
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes • Image Number: A-003-3699-1 • Date Posted: 10 June 2019

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

This cluster of large tubes was cut through on both ends inside of a spinel. Specimen courtesy of Global Spinel Gems.

Natural Spinel • No Origin • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Blue Filter + Diffuse Fiber Optic
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes • Image Number: R-003-3493-1 • Date Posted: 16 May 2019

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Inside this spinel a cluster of irregular, high relief crystals stands out. Specimen courtesy Global Spinel Gems.

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Octahedral crystals are a common inclusion in spinel and grow according to the underlying symmetry of their spinel host.

Natural Spinel • Sri Lanka (Ceylon) • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Diffuse Fiber Optic
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes • Image Number: A-003-3651-2 • Date Posted: 05 June 2019

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Octahedral crystals are a common inclusion in spinel and grow according to the underlying symmetry of their spinel host.

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Large angular cavities are filled with a white substance in a red spinel. Specimen courtesy Global Spinel Gems.

Natural Spinel • No Origin • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Diffuse Fiber Optic
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes • Image Number: R-003-3498-2 • Date Posted: 16 May 2019

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Large angular cavities are filled with a white substance in a red spinel. Specimen courtesy Global Spinel Gems.

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

An octahedral crystal is suspended in its spinel host. Specimen courtesy Global Spinel Gems.

Natural Spinel • No Origin • Enhancements: None Detected (None) • Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Blue Filter + Diffuse Oblique Fiber Optic
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes • Image Number: R-003-3496-1 • Date Posted: 16 May 2019

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

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