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1. Nature, Nurtured | The History of Ruby & Sapphire Treatment: (Lectures); An in-depth look at ruby and sapphire treatments across history, examining the techniques, their market impact, and how labs detect them today. When Saturday, 13 September 2025, 10:00 Where Bangkok ...; Created on 25 August 2025
2. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Lectures); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments ...; Created on 14 February 2025
3. Trick or Treatment: (Lectures); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified. The treatment of ruby and sapphire is one of the biggest factors that influences ...; Created on 02 January 2025
4. Trick or Treatment: (Lectures); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified. The treatment of ruby and sapphire is one of the biggest factors that influences ...; Created on 04 July 2024
5. Gem Treatment Disclosure — Notes from the Eastern Front: (Articles); Discussion of gem treatment disclosure and its somewhat difficult history. A truth that's told with bad intent beats all the lies you can invent. William Blake [1757–1827], Proverbs, Line 95 In 1987, ...; Created on 25 March 2024
6. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Articles); ... they undergo with low-temperature heat treatment in air, which is an oxidizing atmosphere. Introduction to this Madagascar Sapphire Study This study was sparked by a 2017 comment from noted Australian ...; Created on 27 October 2019
7. Gem Treatment Disclosure — Trust: (Articles); ... too. Value Everyone is taught that gemstones are valuable for three primary reasons – beauty, rarity and durability. Let's consider treatments in light of these factors. The purpose of a treatment is ...; Created on 04 January 2014
8. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: (Lectures); Billie Hughes reports the results from our low-temperature heat treatment experiments on Burmese ruby, with Japanese translation by Masaki Furuya. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment ...; Created on 29 October 2025
9. Gem Testing Reports and Pricing: (Lab); Lotus Gemology produces what we feel are the finest gem testing reports in the gemological field. Each report includes gemstone identification, treatment identification and, in certain cases (mainly ruby, ...; Created on 21 August 2025
10. Hyperion — Siamese Twins: (Lectures); ... and grouped inclusions. These sets provide insights into treatment detection, geographic origin, and the art and science of photomicrography. Discover how patterns emerge not just from single ...; Created on 04 June 2025
11. The Gemologist's Core Library — Classic Books on Gemology, Jewelry and Mineralog: (Articles); ... prices, treatments, etc. Ruby & Sapphire: A Collector's Guide by Richard Hughes, Wimon Manorotkul & E. Billie Hughes (2014). Ruby and sapphire examined from the standpoint of the collector. This ...; Created on 16 March 2025
12. Green Fire — Lotus Gemology's Guide to the Literature of Emeral: (Articles); ... R. (1964) The French synthetic emerald [Gilson]. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 9, No. 6, April, pp. 191–196; RWHL. Treatments Hughes, R.W. (1998) Cloak and dagger: The politics of Opticon. GQ Eye, ...; Created on 16 March 2025
13. Con-juring Ruby — A Heated Flux Synthetic: (Articles); ... during high-temperature heat treatment. The stone also contained many fingerprints with white, frosty negative crystals, some with immobile gas bubbles (figure 6). Some fingerprints had drippy, melted ...; Created on 28 February 2025
14. Madagascar Sapphire: (Lectures); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment ...; Created on 14 February 2025
15. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: (Lectures); Billie Hughes & Wim Vertriest report the results from their low-temperature heat treatment experiments on Burmese ruby. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments on Burmese ...; Created on 04 July 2024
16. From Fei Cui to Jadeite and Back — Questions and Answers: (Articles); ... Yes. Just as rubies don’t stop being rubies when they are treated, fei cui doesn’t stop being fei cui when it’s treated. All treatments are clearly stated on our reports. There are many gem aggregates ...; Created on 03 January 2024
17. Detecting Corundum Fillers with the Long-Wave UV Torch: (Articles); ... E.B., 2020). Although emeralds may be the most well-known gemstone that undergoes fracture filling treatment, it is far from the only one. In our laboratory, we have come across fillers in a variety ...; Created on 03 January 2024
18. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: (Lectures); Billie Hughes & Wim Vertriest report the results from their low-temperature heat treatment experiments on Burmese ruby. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments on Burmese ...; Created on 03 January 2024
19. Describing Color in Gems — A Fool's Guide ...: (Articles); ... This process has completely upended the gem lab business. Formerly labs were only involved in identifying the type of gem, whether it is natural or man-made, and any treatments that might have been applied. ...; Created on 03 January 2024
20. Yellow Sapphires with Unstable Color: (Articles); ... small crystal with a melted appearance provides evidence that the specimen has undergone heat treatment. Photomicrograph by E. Billie Hughes; field of view 3.5 mm. Recently an orange sapphire of approximately ...; Created on 03 January 2024
21. Canary in the Ruby Mine — Low-Temperature Heating of Burmese Ruby: (Articles); Detection of heat treatment below 1200°C in ruby and sapphire can present challenges to gemologists. In this study, the authors heated Burmese ruby samples and detailed the features that help in the detection ...; Created on 02 January 2024
22. Greasy Business | Oiled Gems Fraud: (Lectures); ... of this treatment and, most importantly, the remarkable transformation in appearance it may produce. In this program, Richard will demonstrate how the oiling of gemstones other than emerald is now extremely ...; Created on 02 January 2024
23. Greasy Business | Oiled Gems Fraud: (Lectures); ... of this treatment and, most importantly, the remarkable transformation in appearance it may produce. In this program, Richard will demonstrate how the oiling of gemstones other than emerald is now extremely ...; Created on 02 January 2024
24. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: (Lectures); Billie Hughes & Wim Vertriest report the results from their low-temperature heat treatment experiments on Burmese ruby. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments on Burmese ...; Created on 02 January 2024
25. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: (Lectures); Billie Hughes & Wim Vertriest report the results from their low-temperature heat treatment experiments on Burmese ruby. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments on Burmese ...; Created on 02 January 2024
26. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: (Lectures); Low-temperature heat treatment experiments on Burmese ruby. A Canary in the Ruby Mine: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments on Burmese Ruby by Lotus Gemology's Billie Hughes One of the challenges ...; Created on 02 January 2024
27. Apatite Oiling — Before and After: (Articles); Oil treatment has a significant impact on the appearance of an apatite. Fissure filling of gemstones is an age-old treatment that can improve a stone’s clarity (Gems & Gemology, Fall 2020 Gem News ...; Created on 16 May 2022
28. Oiled Spinel & Tanzanite — Shocking Revelations: (Articles); ... immerse rough into oil after it is unearthed. This is done not just to make viewing the interior easier, but primarily because it significantly enhances the gem's clarity. In our experience, such treatment ...; Created on 29 September 2020
29. Hidden Treasure — Collecting Books on Ruby & Sapphire: (Articles); ... pp. Synthetics & treatments France was the epicenter of early research on the synthesis of ruby and thus much of the important work comes from French publications. Fremy’s Synthèse du Rubis (1891) ...; Created on 16 August 2020
30. Long-Wave Ultraviolet Torches — A Gemologist’s New Best Friend: (Articles); ... lamp. Although it is an older and relatively affordable tool, it is an essential test in our laboratory, and we examine all submitted stones under UV light. It can be a tremendous help in detecting treatments ...; Created on 22 May 2020
31. Gems & Gemology Lectures: (Lectures); ... Over the past forty years, Lotus Gemology gemologists have given more than 100 presentations around the world covering topics including ruby and sapphire, spinel, jade, gemstone origin determination, treatment ...; Created on 26 March 2020
32. Gem Testing Reports at Lotus Gemology | FAQs: (Lab); Frequently asked questions regarding Lotus Gemology's gem testing, gem origin determination and gemstone treatment identification reports. ...; Created on 19 March 2020
33. Madagascar | Sapphire Isle: (Lectures); ... (a.k.a. Sierra Leone). The lecture also covers the gemology of Madagascar sapphire and ruby, including the most important identifying features, and results from a series of experiments on the heat treatment ...; Created on 06 February 2020
34. FTIR in Gem Testing — A Pink Sapphire Lesson: (Articles); A discussion of DRIFTS vs the Beam Condenser FTIR attachment in the testing of pink sapphire. The DRIFTS accessory is generally much better at unmasking heat treatment in ruby and sapphire. In January ...; Created on 21 January 2020
35. 2020 World Sapphire Market Update – Lotus Gemology: (Articles); ... in Madagascar is done by Sri Lankan buyers and as the stones are taken to Sri Lanka for cutting and treatment, many of the blues now sold in Sri Lanka are actually from Madagascar. This misrepresentation ...; Created on 07 December 2019
36. Madagascar Ruby & Sapphire — Ruby & Sapphire — A Gemologist's Guid: (Articles); ... is suitable for heat treatment. Some pieces are colorless with blue cores; many are strongly zoned. The deposit, in which sapphires are found in altered marble and limestone silicates (‘skarn’), is at ...; Created on 18 October 2019
37. Jade — A Gemologist's Guide | 202: (Books); The study of jade is unlike any other gem, trespassing across all conventional boundaries, particularly those of the gemological and mineralogical realm. Despite the march of mineralogical orthodoxy and ...; Created on 24 August 2019
38. Choosing the Best Colored Gem Testing Lab: (Articles); ... Gem Lab and in the Field One of the tasks that colored gemstone labs are asked to do today is to determine the country of origin and the presence/absence and type of treatments. This requires extensive ...; Created on 21 August 2019
39. Ruby & Sapphire (Corundum) Inclusions — Lotus Gemology's Crystal Registr: (Articles); ... Cristobalite – Tetragonal – SiO2 – Polymorph of Coesite, Keatite, Mogánite, Quartz, Seifertite, Stishovite, Tridymite USA: Byproduct of heat treatment (Rock Creek, MT: Zwaan & Buter et al., 2015) ...; Created on 31 May 2019
40. Hidden Treasure — Collecting the Literature of Jade: (Articles); ... His second major book was Chinese Carved Jades (1968), a more popularized treatment updated with color illustrations. Much of what we know about Chinese jades today was first set forth in these books. ...; Created on 11 May 2019
41. Madagascar | Sapphire Isle: (Lectures); ... The lecture also covers the gemology of Madagascar sapphire and ruby, including the most important identifying features, and some preliminary results from a series of ongoing experiments on the heat treatment ...; Created on 01 May 2019
42. Squeezing Sapphire — Heat-Treating Corundum With Pressure: (Articles); ... at the question of whether a separate disclosure is needed for the treatment. The following organizations have contributed to and endorse the contents of this article: CGL Central Gem Lab, Japan; CISGEM, ...; Created on 20 February 2019
43. Lao Sapphires — Laos – Land of a Million Elephants... & Sapphires: (Articles); ... fully realized. Little serious mining occurred until the 1960s. Like many another sapphire mine, modern heat treatments make salable what was once too cloudy or dark. Thus the 1970s and 1980s saw a small-scale ...; Created on 18 February 2019
44. Sapphire With Growth Tube Cluster — Sapphire Inclusions: (Articles); Surface-reaching growth tubes in a sapphire provide insight into the gem’s origin and treatment history. Surface-reaching growth tubes within a sapphire exhibit unaltered yellowish staining, an indication ...; Created on 23 February 2018
45. Oiled Ruby — A Remarkable Visual: (Articles); ... it is sold under the brand name “King Ruby Red Oil”). Often this treatment can be identified by flattened gas bubbles in the fissures or by droplets of oil seeping out of the fissures on the surface when ...; Created on 23 February 2018
46. Madagascar | Sapphire Isle: (Lectures); ... on the heat treatment of Madagascar sapphire. When 31 January 2018 Where 2018 Accredited Gemologists Association Tucson Conference Tucson University Park Hotel Conference Center 880 E. Second Street ...; Created on 31 January 2018
47. Ruby Inclusions: (Lectures); A description of the inclusions found in ruby around the world, including Myanmar, Thailand/Cambodia, Vietnam, Tajikistan, Madagascar and Mozambique. Dream of the Red Chamber: The Internal World of ...; Created on 17 June 2017
48. Inclusions in Gemstones — Hyperion Literature Sources: (Articles); ... R. and Nassau, K. (1981) The heat and diffusion treatment of natural and synthetic sapphires. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 17, No. 8, Oct., pp. 528–541; RWHL*. Du Toit, G., Hughes, R.W. et al. (2006) Beryllium-treated ...; Created on 22 January 2016
49. Ruby From Madagascar — Let It Bleed: (Articles); ... As is common with rubies from other sources, the 3309 peak was present to some degree in virtually all samples. At the same time, the 3232 peak, which is often a strong indication of artificial heat treatment, ...; Created on 28 August 2015
50. Gem Enhancements Explained — Lotus Gemology: (Lab); ... treatments which are detected. Our approach is to give our customers the same information we would want when purchasing a gem. The following tables explain the enhancement terminology as given on Lotus ...; Created on 14 May 2015
51. Home | Lotus Gemology: Created on 30 September 2022
52. sapphire heat treatment: (Tags); sapphire heat treatment; Created on 05 July 2024
53. burmese ruby heat treatment: (Tags); burmese ruby heat treatment; Created on 31 March 2024
54. low-temperature ruby heat treatment: (Tags); low-temperature ruby heat treatment; Created on 31 March 2024
55. gem treatments: (Tags); gem treatments; Created on 27 March 2024
56. gem treatment disclosure: (Tags); gem treatment disclosure; Created on 27 March 2024
57. jade treatments: (Tags); jade treatments; Created on 27 January 2022
58. emerald treatments: (Tags); emerald treatments; Created on 22 May 2020
59. oil treatment: (Tags); oil treatment; Created on 09 March 2015
60. heat treatment: (Tags); heat treatment; Created on 17 April 2014
61. treatments: (Tags); treatments; Created on 12 February 2014
62. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: sapphire heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
63. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: sapphire heat treatment); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
64. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: sapphire heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
65. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: sapphire heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
66. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: burmese ruby heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
67. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: burmese ruby heat treatment); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
68. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: burmese ruby heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
69. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: burmese ruby heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
70. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: low-temperature ruby heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
71. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: low-temperature ruby heat treatment); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
72. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: low-temperature ruby heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
73. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: low-temperature ruby heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
74. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: gem treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
75. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: gem treatments); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
76. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: gem treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
77. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: gem treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
78. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: gem treatment disclosure); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
79. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: gem treatment disclosure); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
80. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: gem treatment disclosure); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
81. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: gem treatment disclosure); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
82. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: jade treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
83. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: jade treatments); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
84. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: jade treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
85. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: jade treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
86. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: emerald treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
87. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: emerald treatments); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
88. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: emerald treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
89. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: emerald treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
90. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: oil treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
91. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: oil treatment); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
92. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: oil treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
93. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: oil treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
94. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
95. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: heat treatment); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
96. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
97. Trick or Treatment: (Article tagged with: heat treatment); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.; Created on 04 July 2024
98. Madagascar Sapphire: (Article tagged with: treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025
99. Madagascar Sapphire — Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: treatments); Madagascar has become one of the world’s top sources of fine blue sapphire in recent times. In addition to beautiful untreated material, increasing numbers of treated stones have appeared in the market. ...; Created on 29 October 2019
100. Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments: (Article tagged with: treatments); Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.; Created on 14 February 2025