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Lotus • Articles from Lotus Gemology

Hunting the Mother Lode Abroad • Gemological Travel

Hunting the Mother Lode Abroad | Gemological Travel

Richard W. Hughes & John Koivula

When it comes to gemology, whether it is practiced in the lab or jewelry store, the importance of traveling to the source cannot be emphasized enough. Not only is information more accurate at the source, but the experiences will also make you a better salesperson.

The Skin Game • Beryllium Diffusion in Sapphire

Beryllium Diffusion in Orange Sapphire | The Skin Game

Richard W. Hughes

The early history of beryllium diffusion in sapphire, starting with the 2001 appearance of large numbers of padparadscha sapphires in the Thai gem market.

From Russia with Jade

Russian Jade Deposits | From Russia with Jade

Richard W. Hughes & Nickolai Kouznetsov

Jadeite jade is a stone intimately associated with Burma (Myanmar). But there are deposits in other countries. This article details Russia's jadeite deposits in the Polar Urals and Khakassia.

Heaven and Hell • The Quest for Jade in Upper Burma

Jade in Upper Burma | Heaven and Hell

Richard W. Hughes & Fred Ward

An account of the authors' 1997 visit to Burma's jade mines.

Tracing the Green Line • A Journey to Burma’s Jade Mines

Burma’s Jade Mines | Tracing the Green Line

Richard W. Hughes, Olivier Galibert, Mark Smith & Dr. Thet Oo

In 1996, several gemologists set off for Burma's remote jade mines, the first visit by foreigners since the early 1960's. This is the story of their epic journey.

Burmese Sapphire Giants

Burmese Sapphire Giants

Richard W. Hughes & U Hla Win

A brief history of Burmese (Myanmar) sapphires, along with details of some of the major pieces of yore.

Pigeon's Blood • A Pilgrimage to Mogok – Valley of Rubies

Pigeon's Blood | Pilgrimage to Mogok – Valley of Rubies

Richard W. Hughes

The author makes his first pilgrimage to Burma's Mogok Stone Tract.

Focus on the Spectroscope

Gem Testing with the Spectroscope

John I. Koivula & Richard W. Hughes


Many gemologists have difficulty mastering the direct-vision spectroscope. This article eases the pain.

Moontown • A History of Chanthaburi, Thailand, and Pailin, Cambodia

History of Chanthaburi & Pailin | Moontown

Richard W. Hughes

The Thai city of Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี) may be small, but it has played an important role in both the history of Thailand and the gem trade. Taking its name from the Sanskrit word for moon ('chan'), this petite town is among the most charming in the Land of Smiles.

The Black Prince's Ruby • Blood-Red Souvenir of Conquest

Black Prince's Ruby | Blood-Red Souvenir of Conquest | Spinel

Richard W. Hughes

The history of the Black Prince's Ruby, one of the world's most famous precious stones.

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