Fine dislocation needles, as shown here, are a typical inclusion in Vietnamese spinel.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: R-002-7729-1

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Prismatic crystals and irregular fingerprints decorate this Vietnamese spinel.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Dark Field
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: R-002-7728-2

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Fine dislocation needles, as shown here, are a typical inclusion in Vietnamese spinel.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: R-002-7728-1

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Stellate (star-like) dislocation needles like these commonly decorate Vietnamese spinel.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: A-002-6777-1

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Small hexagonal, transparent, doubly refractive crystals cluster in this spinel from Vietnam.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating)  •  Lighting Conditions: Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: A-001-8584-2

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Stellate dislocations form a star-like cushion around a crystal in this untreated spinel from Vietnam.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Dark Field
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: A-001-6229-3

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

This web-like fingerprint covers an untreated spinel from Vietnam.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: A-001-9321-3

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Web-like fingerprint and a negative crystal with a CO2 bubble inside an untreated spinel from Vietnam.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: A-001-9321-1

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Dislocations decorate the interior of this spinel from Vietnam. These may sometimes alter to hogbomite.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Shadowing
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: R-001-7697-4

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Chauviré, B., Rondeau, B. et al. (2015) Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 51, No. 1, Spring, pp. 2–17; RWHL.

Dislocations decorate the interior of this spinel from Vietnam. These may sometimes alter to hogbomite.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Dark Field + Shadowing
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: R-001-7697-1

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

Chauviré, B., Rondeau, B. et al. (2015) Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 51, No. 1, Spring, pp. 2–17; RWHL.

Transparent, doubly refractive crystals in a spinel from Vietnam.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Dark Field
Photographer: E. Billie Hughes  •  Image Number: R-001-7718-1

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.

A fingerprint inclusion in a natural spinel from Vietnam, Luc Yen mines. The individual channels of a fingerprint are actually tiny negative crystals.

Natural Spinel  •  Vietnam  •  Enhancements: None Detected (None)  •  Lighting Conditions: Dark Field
Photographer: Richard W. Hughes  •  Image Number: A-001-6195-2

Gübelin, E.J. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, Volume 2. Basel, Switzerland, Opinio Publishers, 830 pp.; RWHL*.