Treated Spinel Inclusions
Explore treated spinel inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural spinels that have undergone treatment, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
Red planet. Like the surface of a distant world, a simple conchoidal fracture on a red spinel displays the infinite beauty of crystals.
Natural Spinel •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok/Namya •
Enhancements:
Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Shadowing
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-4451-3
The same conchoidal fracture, with an adjustment to the shadowing illumination radically changes the appearance.
Natural Spinel •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok/Namya •
Enhancements:
Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Shadowing
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-4451-2
This conchoidal fracture on the surface of a red spinel reveals the underlying atomic symmetry.
Natural Spinel •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok/Namya •
Enhancements:
Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Shadowing
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-4451-1
Small hexagonal, transparent, doubly refractive crystals cluster in this spinel from Vietnam.
Natural Spinel •
Vietnam •
Enhancements:
Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-8584-2
Melted fingerprints showing heat altered octahedra give evidence of heat treatment in this cobalt diffused spinel.
Natural Spinel •
No Origin •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D); Heat + Fissure Healing (H-FH) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-9346-3
Melted fingerprints showing heat altered octahedra give evidence of heat treatment in this cobalt diffused spinel.
Natural Spinel •
No Origin •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D); Heat + Fissure Healing (H-FH) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-9346-2
A melted crystal set against a backdrop of tiny melted octahedra provide evidence of heat treatment in this cobalt diffused spinel.
Natural Spinel •
No Origin •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D); Heat + Fissure Healing (H-FH) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-9346-1
This frosty-looking melted crystal provides evidence that it’s Tanzanian spinel host was heat treated.
Natural Spinel •
Tanzania; Mahenge •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Oblique Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-5239-2
Decrepitation halo around a heat-altered crystal in a heated Mahenge spinel.
Natural Spinel •
Tanzania; Mahenge •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Diffuse Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-5239-1
In Myanmar it has become common practice to oil virtually all gems that contain fissures. Here we see oil-filled fissures dripping oil in a spinel from Mogok.
Natural Spinel •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Overhead
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1186-2
Lotus Gemology (2015) Lotus Gemology Lab Alert for Oiled Gems. Bangkok, LotusGemology.com, RWHL*.
In Myanmar it has become common practice to oil virtually all gems that contain fissures. Here we see oil-filled fissures in a spinel from Mogok.
Natural Spinel •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1186-1
Lotus Gemology (2015) Lotus Gemology Lab Alert for Oiled Gems. Bangkok, LotusGemology.com, RWHL*.
Unusual stacked dislocations form a hexagonal pattern in this spinel from Mogok, Burma.
Natural Spinel •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
Fissure Filling with colorless Oil/resin (FF-O1); No indications of heating (No indications of heating) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1169-1
Treatment can alter existing inclusions and produce new microscopic features in spinel. These may include changes to mineral inclusions, tension fractures, healed fissures, residues and other features associated with heating and other treatment processes.
Treated Spinel Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion treated spinel gallery includes microscopic features documented in natural spinels subjected to treatment. Each entry identifies the recorded treatment and is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Spinel Treatment
Microscopic examination is an important part of detecting treatment in spinel. The appearance and alteration of inclusions, fractures and growth features can provide evidence of treatment and, in some cases, information about the processes to which a spinel has been subjected.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that treatment-related features can be compared with documented examples in natural spinel.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
