Treated Sapphire Inclusions
Explore treated sapphire inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural sapphires that have undergone treatment, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
A series of thin-film decrepitation halos decorates the interior of this blue sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7649-3
• Field of View = 2.5mm
The glassy appearance and melted channels in this fingerprint, or partially healed fissure, are signs that this blue sapphire was heat treated.
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7649-2
• Field of View = 2mm
A small, transparent crystal inside this sapphire shows signs of heat treatment. Notice how the small fingerprint around it has a drippy, melted appearance.
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7649-1
• Field of View = 2mm
The angular chalky reaction, observable with short wave illumination, provides clear evidence that this blue sapphire was heated.
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7648-4
Sharp angular growth zoning and a series of thin-film decrepitation halos, which look brown in this lighting condition, stand out in this blue sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7648-3
• Field of View = 6.5mm
A series of thin-film decrepitation halos decorates the interior of this blue sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7648-2
• Field of View = 3mm
A series of thin-film decrepitation halos decorates the interior of this blue sapphire. We can see that light reflects off them at the same angle.
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7648-1
• Field of View = 2mm
Florida, 2100.
Natural Sapphire •
Basalt Related •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Overhead
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7264-2
• Field of View = 5mm
Photomicrography is no different than ordinary photography. It’s all about controlling light. In this case, a nondescript fluid inclusion in dark-field illumination morphed into a spectral spectacular when light was brought from above.
Natural Sapphire •
Basalt Related •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Overhead
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-7264-1
• Field of View = 5mm
Koivula, J.I. (1982) Inclusions in a better light. Gemological Institute of America, Eash, D.M., ed., In International Gemological Symposium Proceedings, Santa Monica, CA, pp. 471–476; RWHL*.
When examining this pink sapphire from Madagascar we spotted this interesting white crystal cut through on the surface. Micro Raman spectroscopy identified the crystal as andalusite.
Natural Padparadscha Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Oblique Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-6544-1
• Field of View = 2mm
This black star sapphire had large pits on the base filled with dopping varnish. Following removal of the varnish by soaking in alcohol, the 75-ct stone lost about 0.25 ct of weight. But careful examination after the varnish removal revealed something far more sinister, a layer of glass coating the inside of the cavities. In addition, we could see the the glass extended across much of the base, as clearly revealed after immersing the gem in di-iodomethane.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Thailand (Siam); Chanthaburi •
Enhancements:
Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF3) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Immersion
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-6241-7
• Field of View = 28mm
This black star sapphire had large pits on the base filled with dopping varnish. Following removal of the varnish by soaking in alcohol, the 75-ct stone lost about 0.25 ct of weight. But careful examination after the varnish removal revealed something far more sinister, a layer of glass coating the inside of the cavities. Note the perfectly smooth curved cavity surfaces, nothing like what one would expect for the broken surface of sapphire. In addition, we could see the the glass extended across much of the base.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Thailand (Siam); Chanthaburi •
Enhancements:
Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF3) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Overhead
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-6241-6
• Field of View = 28mm
Treatment can alter existing inclusions and produce new microscopic features in sapphire. These may include changes to mineral inclusions, altered rutile silk, tension fractures, healed fissures, residues and other features associated with heating, diffusion, fissure filling and other treatment processes.
Treated Sapphire Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion treated sapphire gallery includes microscopic features documented in natural sapphires subjected to treatment. Each entry identifies the recorded treatment and is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Sapphire Treatment
Microscopic examination is an important part of detecting treatment in sapphire. The appearance and alteration of inclusions, fractures and growth features can provide evidence of treatment and, in some cases, information about the processes to which a sapphire has been subjected.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that treatment-related features can be compared with documented examples in natural sapphire.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
