Treated Sapphire Inclusions
Explore treated sapphire inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural sapphires that have undergone treatment, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
This black star sapphire from Chanthaburi, Thailand has large pits on the base filled with a brown dopping varnish. Long wave ultraviolet light shows the varnish fluoresces orange. Note the pits on the surface of the varnish where gas bubbles were cut through.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Thailand (Siam); Chanthaburi •
Enhancements:
Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF3) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Longwave
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-6241-5
• Field of View = 20mm
This black star sapphire from Chanthaburi, Thailand has large pits on the base filled with a brown dopping varnish. Long wave ultraviolet light shows the varnish fluoresces orange.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Thailand (Siam); Chanthaburi •
Enhancements:
Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF3) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Longwave
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-6241-2
• Field of View = 27mm
This black star sapphire from Chanthaburi, Thailand has large pits on the base filled with a brown dopping varnish. Careful examination reveals gas bubbles trapped in the varnish.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Thailand (Siam); Chanthaburi •
Enhancements:
Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF3) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-6241-3
• Field of View = 5mm
This black star sapphire from Chanthaburi, Thailand has large pits on the base filled with a brown dopping varnish.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Thailand (Siam); Chanthaburi •
Enhancements:
Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF3) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Overhead
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-6241-1
• Field of View = 30mm
This heat-treated blue sapphire from Sri Lanka featured a corundum crystal included in the sapphire that was cut through on the surface. When viewed between crossed polars, the corundum crystal is brilliantly silhouetted against a dark background.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5747-2
• Field of View = 2mm
This heat-treated blue sapphire from Sri Lanka featured a corundum crystal included in the sapphire that was cut through on the surface.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Shadowing
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5747-1
• Field of View = 2mm
When viewed in shortwave UV illumination, chalky angular zoned clouds of particles become evident. This is a clear sign of heat treatment.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5760-3
When viewed in shortwave UV illumination, chalky angular zoned clouds of particles become evident. This is a clear sign of heat treatment.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5760-2
When viewed in shortwave UV illumination, chalky angular zoned clouds of particles become evident. This is a clear sign of heat treatment.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5760-1
A small fingerprint in a beryllium diffused sapphire. Diffused stones are heat treated at a high temperature.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5362-2
The appearance of a glassy area and the frosty melted crystal here provide evidence that this sapphire was heated to a high temperature. Further testing confirmed that this sapphire was beryllium diffused.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Shadowing
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5362-1
• Field of View = 3mm
When examined between crossed polars two twin planes can be easily spotted in this sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-5332-3
• Field of View = 9mm
Treatment can alter existing inclusions and produce new microscopic features in sapphire. These may include changes to mineral inclusions, altered rutile silk, tension fractures, healed fissures, residues and other features associated with heating, diffusion, fissure filling and other treatment processes.
Treated Sapphire Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion treated sapphire gallery includes microscopic features documented in natural sapphires subjected to treatment. Each entry identifies the recorded treatment and is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Sapphire Treatment
Microscopic examination is an important part of detecting treatment in sapphire. The appearance and alteration of inclusions, fractures and growth features can provide evidence of treatment and, in some cases, information about the processes to which a sapphire has been subjected.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that treatment-related features can be compared with documented examples in natural sapphire.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
