Treated Sapphire Inclusions
Explore treated sapphire inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural sapphires that have undergone treatment, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
Seeing the chalky hexagonal banding in shortwave UV light reveals that this sapphire from Burma was heated. Photo taken with M&A Instruments Deep-UV Fluorescence system.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-4587-2
Seeing the chalky hexagonal banding in shortwave UV light reveals that this sapphire from Burma was heated. Photo taken with M&A Instruments Deep-UV Fluorescence system.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-4587-1
Spall marks from heating on the pavilion of a heat-treated Kashmir (India) sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
India (Kashmir) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Blue Filter + Diffuse Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2296-3
Small crystals with decolorized areas around growth tubes cut through on the surface. The growth tubes have apparently drawn titanium out of solid solution in the sapphire, thus cannibalizing the color.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-1068-1
Koivula, J.I. (1987) Internal diffusion. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 20, No. 7/8, pp. 474–477; RWHL*.
Melted crystals with circular heat-induced “bubbly” fingerprints and partially dissolved silk in a heated sapphire from Sri Lanka; FOV 2 mm
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-1919-1
Melted crystal with frozen bubble in sapphire. When a gem is heated, included crystals may melt and cool into a glass. Because the glass takes up less volume than the previous solid crystal, a contraction bubble forms in the glass; FOV ~2.5 mm
Natural Sapphire •
Not Determinable •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Shadowing
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-2676-1
Rose channels (formerly thought to be boehmite needles) forming Star of David pattern in a flux healed Greenland pink sapphire. FOV ~2.5 mm
Natural Sapphire •
Greenland •
Enhancements:
Heat + Fissure Healing (H-FH); Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF2) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-2746-2
Rose channels (formerly thought to be boehmite needles) forming Star of David pattern in a flux healed Greenland pink sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Greenland •
Enhancements:
Heat + Fissure Healing (H-FH); Heat + Glass Cavity/Fissure Filling (H-GF2) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-2746-1
Unusual birefringent crystals in a low-relief partially healed fissure in a sapphire treated with high-temperature heat plus modest pressure (HT+P). When tested with Lotus Gemology’s microraman, they proved to be corundum. It is thought that they crystallized during the treatment process. FOV 2 mm
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-3169-1
Unusual birefringent crystals in a low-relief partially healed fissure in a sapphire treated with high-temperature heat plus modest pressure (HT+P). When tested with Lotus Gemology’s microraman, they proved to be corundum. It is thought that they crystallized during the treatment process. FOV 2 mm
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-3169-2
Unusual birefringent crystals in a low-relief partially healed fissure in a sapphire treated with high-temperature heat plus modest pressure (HT+P). When tested with Lotus Gemology’s microraman, they proved to be corundum. It is thought that they crystallized during the treatment process.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-3171-2
• Field of View = 4mm
Unusual birefringent crystals in a low-relief partially healed fissure in a sapphire treated with high-temperature heat plus modest pressure (HT+P). When tested with Lotus Gemology’s microRaman, they proved to be corundum. It is thought that they crystallized during the treatment process.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-3171-1
• Field of View = 4mm
Treatment can alter existing inclusions and produce new microscopic features in sapphire. These may include changes to mineral inclusions, altered rutile silk, tension fractures, healed fissures, residues and other features associated with heating, diffusion, fissure filling and other treatment processes.
Treated Sapphire Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion treated sapphire gallery includes microscopic features documented in natural sapphires subjected to treatment. Each entry identifies the recorded treatment and is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Sapphire Treatment
Microscopic examination is an important part of detecting treatment in sapphire. The appearance and alteration of inclusions, fractures and growth features can provide evidence of treatment and, in some cases, information about the processes to which a sapphire has been subjected.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that treatment-related features can be compared with documented examples in natural sapphire.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
