Treated Sapphire Inclusions
Explore treated sapphire inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural sapphires that have undergone treatment, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
When immersed in di-iodomethane, this orange sapphire reveals a surface-conformal color rim, exposing it as having been beryllium diffused.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Immersion
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-3165-1
This bright orange sapphire shows no evidence of heat treatment in the microscope, but the chalky zoned shortwave ultraviolet fluorescence quickly unmasks the fact that the stone had been heated.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-2872-2
This bright orange sapphire shows no evidence of heat treatment in the microscope, but the chalky zoned shortwave ultraviolet fluorescence quickly unmasks the fact that the stone had been heated.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-003-2872-1
Angular zoned chalky shortwave fluorescent reaction, indicative of heat treatment.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-9410-1
Frozen gas bubbles and heat-altered fingerprints decorate the interior of this beryllium diffused yellow sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Basaltic •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-8521-2
Chalky shortwave fluorescence is characteristic of heated sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Shortwave
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-7752-1
Iridescent fissures around small crystals create a floral motif in this heated sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Basaltic •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-7202-4
A sharply zoned angular particle cloud creates a striking geometric shape next to a large glassy discoid in this heated Sri Lanka sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-7709-1
This Burmese pink sapphire has an unusual feature: a drilled hole that extends from the surface into a crystal. We suspect this may have been done to clear out any debris inside the crystal with acid cleaning, making the crystal less noticeable.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok/Namya •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-7563-1
Iridescent discoids are reminiscent of flower petals around tiny crystals in this basalt related sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Basaltic •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-5102-2
When viewed with dark-field illumination, the glassy tension halos around each monazite crystal are more distinct.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-6695-2
Brown monazite crystals are sometimes found in sapphires from Madagascar’s Ilakaka region. In this gem one can see glassy tension halos around each, indicating that the gem was subjected to low temperature (less than 1400°C) heat treatment.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-002-6695-1
Treatment can alter existing inclusions and produce new microscopic features in sapphire. These may include changes to mineral inclusions, altered rutile silk, tension fractures, healed fissures, residues and other features associated with heating, diffusion, fissure filling and other treatment processes.
Treated Sapphire Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion treated sapphire gallery includes microscopic features documented in natural sapphires subjected to treatment. Each entry identifies the recorded treatment and is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Sapphire Treatment
Microscopic examination is an important part of detecting treatment in sapphire. The appearance and alteration of inclusions, fractures and growth features can provide evidence of treatment and, in some cases, information about the processes to which a sapphire has been subjected.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that treatment-related features can be compared with documented examples in natural sapphire.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
